Literature / Lessons

BOB DOUGHTY: I'm Bob Doughty. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: And I'm Shirley Griffith with EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. Today we travel around the world exploring the history of chocolate. Its story begins with a plant whose scientific name, Theobroma cacao, means "food of the gods." For centuries, people have been enjoying the rich flavor of chocolate, a product made from this plant. Join us as we tell about the history of chocolate and how it is produced. We will also meet Jane Morris, a chocolate maker in Washington, DC. (MUSIC) BOB DOUGHTY: Most people today think of chocolate as something sweet to eat or drink than can be easily found in stores around the world. It might surprise you that chocolate was once highly treasured. SHIRLEY GRIFFITH: Historians believe the Maya people of Central America first learned to farm cacao plants around two thousand years ago. The Maya took the cacao trees from the rainforests and grew them in their gardens. They cooked the cacao seeds, then crushed them into a soft paste. They mixed the paste with water and flavorful spices to make an unsweetened chocolate drink. The Maya poured the chocolate drink back and forth between two containers so that the liquid had a layer of bubbles, or foam. Cacao and chocolate were an important part of Maya culture. There are often images of cacao plants on Maya buildings and art objects. Ruling families drank chocolate at special ceremonies. And, even poorer members of society could enjoy the drink once in a while.

Word formation for business English

In this class we will discuss the 21 day challenge and future constractions will and to be going to.

In this class we will learn more animals, their body parts, also creatures from Harry Potter and Fantastic beasts movies and create your own animal!

In this class we will discuss unusual job positions, companies and articles

СРАВНЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕН PRESENT SIMPLE - PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We will discuss the topic of friendship and revise could and should, future

In this lesson, we'll talk about different tips and tricks on how to take less luggage on a trip. What helps you decide which clothes to pack? Where should you put expensive things? We'll also revise the Passive Voice, countable and uncountable nouns and the vocabulary to talk about minimalism, everyday things and materials.

FCE grammar + listening+ reported speech + passive voice

Welcome to the lesson about Russian names! We will investigate Russian names, their origin and usage. The three-part form of modern Russian names consists of a first name, patronymic and surname . It first appeared in the 10th century but became normal during the reign of Tzar Peter I.